What importance do equality and inequality have in the political Essay

What importance do equality and inequality have in the political theories of any two of the political theorists - Locke and Rousseau - Essay Example ncepts of both the theorists Locke and Rousseau and try to have a better understanding of these important concepts and how to incorporate them into society to ensure a better standard of life. According to Locke, in order to understand political power in the right sense of the word, we should first of all attempt to understand man within a natural setting. In such a natural state or condition, man possesses total freedom or liberty to act as he thinks fit. In so doing, a sense of equality is achieved because in his natural setting, all belong to the same species and everyone’s actions are mutual and reciprocal. In such a setting, no one has more power over another, since all men have the same rank and the same advantages without fear of ‘subordination or subjection.’ (Locke, 8) However, Locke draws our attention to an important point that deals with man in his natural settings. He sheds light on the liberty of man by explaining to us that even though man has full liberty to disburse his actions or possessions in any way he deems fit, yet he does not have the liberty to destroy himself. He brings to our notice, that there is a law of nature that governs the state of nature and it is this law of nature that teaches man to reason and makes him responsible for his actions even though he has the liberty to act at his will. Locke, highlights the fact that though mankind are all equal and independent, yet, no one has the right to harm himself, nor his fellow beings life, possessions, his health nor his liberty in any way because everyone was created for the use of the other. (Locke, 9) However, if a person goes against the law of nature, then a person has the right to secure the law of nature by punishing the offender and bringing peace and harmony to the communi ty of mankind. (Locke, 10) In chapter III, Locke speaks in sharp contrast about the State of War, as against the State of Nature. He rightly explains that the state of war only leads to enmity and

Circumstances Contributing To the Departure to a School with Essay

Circumstances Contributing To the Departure to a School with Specialized Technical Training Including the Plans Contributing To the Future Academic Success - Essay Example The researcher tells that she has been studying at South Hampstead High School in Camden, a girl’s only school which was established several years ago. The school has about 1000 students with an age bracket of 4-18 years who commute every day from their homes since the school has no boarding facilities. The researcher has chosen to transfer to another school that accommodates both boys and girls. The researcher’s parents suggested she move to a better school where both girls and boys interact and learn which improves the confidence of a student towards the opposite sex. The researcher has a strong Islamic background which South Hampstead High school does not emphasis; this situation has prompted the need for the author to transfer to another school which upholds Islamism. The researcher’s parents got transferred from their working stations which led to the whole family relocating; it has been strenuous for the author to commute every day more than ten miles becau se she gets to school when is exhausted. Getting out of the house very early in the morning and arriving home very late in the evening is not secure; there has been an increase of reported rape cases recently. The researcher’s parents have not been comfortable because of the security concerns. Her academic performance as well has been affected because he is always worried about her safety to and from school. The tuition has been increased making it difficult for the author’s parents to raise since this is a tough economic time. Going to a boarding school is what the author has always wanted because she can have more time to study as opposed to the current situation where she spends most of her time commuting. The researcher’s current school does not expose students to specialized technical training which has been her passion to be an engineer. The researcher’s parents have always wanted her to acquire important technical skills in this field as considered one of the best in the job market. The author’s parents believe in nurturing the skill in at an early age. Besides, the author could not afford the tuition of pure girl’s school since her father, who was the sole provider and the family breadwinner, passed away in 1998.

Woman in Mind by Alan Ayckbourn Essay Example for Free

Woman in Mind by Alan Ayckbourn Essay How does Ayckbourn present the contrast between Susans fantasy family and her real family in Woman in Mind. Explore the importance of this contrast to the plays central theme. In Woman in Mind Ayckbourn uses Susans creation of an idealistic fantasy family and more importantly the contrast of this perfection with her reality to help portray Susans emotional breakdown to the audience. The role of the fantasy family in this play is to emphasise the unhappiness and emotional turmoil in Susan real world as they generally appear at a point where Susan is in a particularly distressing situation with her real family. One of the ways in which Ayckbourn presents the contrast between the two families is with the use of the differing appearances. For example when the audience meets the fantasy family for the first time they are presented as (tall, good looking, athletic), and Lucys clothing is (fresh, summery, rather timeless). This is a complete contrast to the way in which the real family is presented (an unattractive picture, entirely lacking the lightness and ease of her earlier family). Immediately Ayckbourn has shown the fantasy family to be more ideal and suitable for Susan which hints that Susan is not at ease in reality , even though there has not yet been much insight into the causes of Susans breakdown. The setting of Woman in Mind is also essential in the presentation of the contrasting families although it is important for the audience to remember that the play is seen from an entirely subjective viewpoint and that although two settings are implied only one is actually the reality. Ayckbourn uses the lighting and sound effects to accenuate the contrast between the two worlds. For example the stage direction at the beginning of the play suggests the setting to be a (small, tidy, surburban garden) but when members of her fantasy family appear the use of lighting ( The garden grows inperceptibly bigger and lighter) accompanies the changes which Susan herself suggests herb garden, lake and tennis courts. The setting is vital as it shows the fantasy family to be more upper class and perhaps this helps Susan to feel more worthy in her life. The use of simpler contrasts such as food and drink also helps Ayckbourn to display the contrast between the two families and he achieves this with the use of props. For example, Susan is offered champagne and gourmet meals by her fantasy family whereas, in reality she is given the less sophisticated sherry and must put up with Muriels dreadful Earl grey omelette. The actions of Susan show how much more she prefers her fantasy family, which is shown by the stage directions, for example (leaving her sherry glass on the card tableshe comes across her glass of champagne and drinks it). The contrast between the two families is also presented through the use of language. An example of this is the way in which the fantasy family use nicknames for each other, for example Big Sis, Susie which helps to show the happy, friendly relationship they have. The tone of voice is completely different however in her reality situations. For example when Gerald defends Muriel in saying that Susan should be more sympathetic towards her because of her present and past sufferings Susan is extremely sarcastic Sorry, sorry, sorry. The fantasy family is also presented as having completely different attitudes towards Susan and Ayckbourn has used this along with the other techniques to emphasise her emotional turmoil. For example her fantasy family are extremely grateful for her and appreciate her Were all going to have to take extra special care of you Were just all so proud of you. The contrast between the two families is important in showing the insecurities Susan has in her life and her fantasy family is a representation of her dreams which for Susan become confused with reality. One of the main reasons for Susans emotional breakdown is her feeling of not being loved which is mainly a result of her distant unloving relationship with Gerald. Gerald and Susan have conflicting opinions even about small unimportant things for example, they have different opinions over the bush in their garden. Gerald calls it a dead bush whereas Susan claims : Its not dead I planted it yesterday. Gerald is also very unsympathetic towards Susans turmoil, for example when Susan says she is not very happy, Geralds unhelpful viewpoint is well who is? These days. Very few. Gerald seems too interested in the book he is writing which is an important factor in Susans breakdown. The lack of a physical side in their relationship leads Susan into the arms of her imaginary lover Andy, whilst in reality she has burnt Geralds history of the parish All sixty pages blazing away. More importantly Gerald seems very unaware of the change in his relationship with Susan. For example when Susan tells Gerald she does not love him anymore, Geralds response is Im not aware my feelings towards you have altered that much which gives a clear insight into the lack of closeness in their relationship to the audience. Susans emotional breakdown is also caused by her relationship with Rick which Ayckbourn presents as one without the usual mother-son communication. Although Susan seems to be quite light-hearted and sarcastic over the fact that their son does not talk to them All of us miming to each other over the table she is however, very aware and upset at the lack of closeness between them. For example, when Gerald explains to her that Rick wants all of his furniture to be sold Susan replies Well have nothing left of him at all. This display of sudden distress to the audience emphasises strongly the emotional stress Susan is experiencing. A different side to Susan is seen when Rick tells her of his marriage to Tess and explains that he does not want the family to meet her, and Susan believes it is because of Gerald Why? Because of your father?. This shows the distance in her relationship with Rick and Susan becomes distraught when she discovers that Rick has always considered her to be an unfit mother I dont want to hurt you anymore, Mum, but God help any daughter who had you as a mother. This is a complete contrast in Susans fantasy life however, because she does infact have a very close relationship with her fantasy daughter Lucy. An example of the difference between her two children is that whereas Rick was very reluctant to tell Susan about his marriage, Lucy is very eager theres something I desperately want to tell you. Ayckbourn has also used the role of an interfering sister-in-law to enhance the worthlessness Susan is feeling. Muriel constantly insists on providing meals and drinks and criticises Susan always where Gerald can hear. An example of this is when Muriel puts Earl Grey tea in an omelette and says to Susan I do wish youd label things, Susan. Its a very inconvenient kitchen to work in , it really is. All of these aspects in Susans reality lead her to having low self-esteem and the questioning of her role. An example of this is when Susan claims that the thrill of being a housewife has gone I used to be a wife. I used to be a mother. And I loved itThe thrill has gone which is a complete contrast to her fantasy world which shows that she clearly wants to be able to employ staff (Murieldressed in very formal maids black bombazine) . The fantasy family are summoned to help her cope and their words are Susans real thoughts which become forced into reality and help Susan to say what she is really feeling. For example, when Bill comes outside to persuade Susan to eat lunch with them Tony and Lucy tell him to drop dead, these are Susans thoughts articulated by the characters and lead Susan herself to say the same Oh, Bill, do drop dead. Susan does have , at that stage still have some control over her life as she is able to banish her fantasy family whenever she wants. The complete contrast in families is extremely important in showing Susans emotional breakdown because the fantasy family has been perfected down to every last detail in Susans mind and shows the ideal life Susan would love to lead. However because of the idealism the fantasy family provides Susan becomes less and less able to control her own creation. This is shown in act two where her fantasy life and reality become mixed and she has entered a world of madness created by herself (What we see are images remembered by her from films she has seen, books she has read, TV she has watched). By this stage in her breakdown Gerald seems to know the fantasy family and talks to them in the light-hearted language that they used with Susan earlier Tony, you old rascal. Whereas it was only in reality that Susan felt ignored which forced her into an imaginary world where she was loved and treasured, now it seems that neither of her families are taking notice of her: LOOK AT ME AT ONCE, DO YOU HEAR? ALL OF YOU!!!. This is the final point in Susans breakdown.

Analysis Of Using Podded Propulsors

Analysis Of Using Podded Propulsors Over the past few decades the concept of podded propulsion in merchant ships has gained significant acceptance in the merchant marine industry. Mostly due to the fact that podded propulsion systems offer several advantages in contrast to the conventional, shaft drive arrangement systems. The benefits we will refer to are mostly maneuverability, lower noise generation and more available space for cargo in merchant vessels. However before discussing the advantages and disadvantages of a podded propulsion system we must first explain what is meant by podded propulsion by briefly analyzing its mechanical components and how they interact with the vessels water resistance and thrust efficiency. Nonetheless in order to fully realize the benefits provided by a podded propulsion system, we also need to briefly examine several aspects of conventional propulsion systems such as conventional single and double screw propulsion systems, systems using fixed pitch propellers, contra-rotating propell ers, overlapping propellers and controllable pitch propellers which are most commonly used today in the propulsion of merchant and navy vessels. Podded Propulsion Systems A podded propulsion system refers to a gondola shaped pod located at the stern of the vessel mounted on a leg which is capable of rotating in a 360 degrees angle. Inside the pod there is an electrical motor capable of producing thrust by using a fixed-pitch propeller. The entire system is azimuth since there is no need for a rudder or any other steering arrangements (Appendix 1,2). This type of propulsion system was created in the late 1980s by the Kvaerner Masa-Yards in cooperation with the ABB Stromberg Drives and the Finnish Maritime Administration. The first podded propulsion system was mounted onboard icebreakers such as the 16.000dwt M/T Uikku and M/T Lunni tankers. These type of vessels used the podded propulsion system in order to navigate through the North-East Passage in extremely harsh conditions by moving backwards with the propeller first, thus breaking the ice with a considerably higher efficiency than before. Today there are several types of podded propulsion systems available, some of the most commonly used are the Mermaid unit (Appendix 3) constructed by Kamewa and Cegelec, the Dolphin unit (Appendix 4) which was produced by John Crane Lips as well as STN and the SSP Thruster (Appendix 5) which is a product of Siemens and Schottel companies. The Mermaid unit uses a low emissions gas turbine in order to power the propeller which acts as a tractor unit located in front of the pod, this type of propulsion configuration allows an optimum undisturbed water inflow to the propeller thus increasing propulsion efficiency and decreasing vibration and noise. The Dolphin unit operates by integrating a powerful electric drive into a hydro-dynamically optimized pod below the stern of the vessel resulting in a directly driven propeller. The pod is capable of rotating 360 degrees thus ensuring maximum maneuverability while the power of this unit ranges from 3 MW to more than 19 MW, thus this type of pr opulsion configuration is suitable for a wide variety of commercial merchant vessels. The SSP Thruster uses two twin propellers one in front of the unit and one in the stern, rotating in the same direction powered by a permanent magnet motor. The propeller located at the stern of the pod uses the rotational energy produced in order to provide thrust by using a pair of hydrofoil fins angled away from the pod thus increasing efficiency of the unit while allowing the same maneuverability as the other pod units since the whole system is capable of rotating in a 360 degrees angle. Conventional Propulsion Systems Since the beginning of the development of merchant vessels, for the transportation of different types of products the propulsion systems created played a significant roll in the advancement of the maritime industry. Over the past two centuries many propulsion designs were created in order to further improve the speed, fuel consumption and efficiency of merchant and navy vessels. Today the most conventional design propulsion systems for merchant vessels consist from a shaft, which directly drives different types of propellers while it is connected to a gearbox. Power is generated mostly from a high torque diesel engine while a rudder usually located in front of the propeller at the stern of the vessel provides the steering. Research has shown that the use of different types of propellers can produce different results depending on the type of the vessel they are used. Fixed pitch propellers (Appendix 6) created the basis of propeller production in either its mono-block or build-up form. Mono-block propellers are most commonly used today while they cover a broad spectrum of design types and sizes. They can range from those weighing only a few kilograms to those, which can weight around 130 tonnes. Their designs can vary since the blade number of the propeller can be anywhere between two and seven blades. These kinds of propellers are used to provide propulsion for container vessel, bulk carriers and even high-speed patrol crafts. They offer several advantages in order to solve a variety of propulsion problems such as cavitation effects and excessive noise regeneration. In contrast to the fixed pitch propellers the controllable pitch propellers provide an extra degree of freedom since they can change the blade pitch. Even thought this type of propulsion system configuration is sensitive to cavitation problems it can provide significant advantages of maneuverability since fine thrust control can be achieved without the need to accelerate the propulsion machinery. Controllable pitch propellers are mostly used in passenger ships, ferries and general cargo vessels, which require frequent berthing maneuvers. Furthermore to the propulsion configurations we discuss above the use of contra rotating propellers (Appendix 7) can provide several advantages to the merchant marine industry. Contra rotating propellers compromise two coaxial propellers sited one behind the other while they rotate in the opposite direction. The contra rotating propulsion system provides the hydrodynamic advantage of recovering a part of the slipstream rotational energy, which would otherwise be lost. Additionally contra rotating propellers are able to balance the torque reaction from the propulsor. This kind of propulsion configuration is most commonly used in small high-speed outboard units while the use of this kind of propulsion system is not efficient for large merchant vessels since large vessels equip a large shaft line. Finally the last conventional propulsion system we will discuss involves the use of overlapping propellers (Appendix 8). This system uses again two propellers although in this case the propellers are not mounted coaxially but are each located on separate shaft line systems with the distance between the shaft centerlines being less than the diameters of the propellers. The advantage gained from this type of configurations is to increase propulsion efficiency by achieving as mush benefit as possible from the low-velocity portion of the wake field. Despite the fact of improved propulsion efficiency this kind of configuration may increase the levels of fluctuating thrust and torque thus more research and development must be done before it can be used on large merchant vessels. Advantages and Disadvantages of using Podded Propulsion Since we have briefly examined the mechanical characteristics behind podded propulsion and conventional propulsion systems it is time to discuss several advantages and disadvantages of using podded propulsion in the operations of merchant vessels. As yet, studies have not shown whether pods are more efficient than conventional shaft lines. There has been much research on the subject, but most studies have been aimed at a specific aspect of pod performance instead of an overall efficiency review. Several advantages have been attributed to pod propulsion systems, such as: reduced emissions, lower noise and vibration levels, improved steering maneuvering, and braking capabilities. The reduced number of component parts also allows for more flexibility in arranging system machinery, more efficient construction and improved shipyard logistics. On the opposite end of the argument, pods require a greater capital investment, have a 30MW power limitation (per screw), and have been known to suffer losses in power due to the electric propulsion. Specifically by using podded propulsion merchant vessels gain a significant advantage due to the fact that they can achieve an increased space capacity in order to fit more cargo mainly because the engine can be allocated more freely thus decreasing the size of the engine room. This advantage plays a crucial role for todays shipping companies, which depend mainly in increasing their deadweight tonnage in order to reduce their costs by achieving economies of scale. Moreover another crucial advantage of using podded propulsion seems to be the environmental benefits realized not only from reduced gas emissions but also due to the decreased fuel consumption thought good hydrodynamic efficiency. Since fuel consumption is a significant factor when calculating the vessels costs, it is of high importance that the vessel is capable of covering great distances at competitive speeds with as less fuel as possible. Even though today most berthing terminals and major ports invest in increasing the size of their facilities in order to accommodate the larger merchant vessels, maneuverability plays an important role in order to avoid delays and unnecessary costs due to the use of tug assistance. Research has shown that using podded propulsion can significantly increase the maneuverability of even the largest vessels, since the pod is able to rotate in a 360 degrees angle and thus provide thrust in every direction. Despite the advantages we mention above podded propulsion suffers from several disadvantages. The most crucial disadvantage seems to be that the capital costs associated with the production and use of pods, are a lot higher than the capital costs associated with the use of conventional propulsion configuration. This is one of the main reasons most merchant vessels are not equipped with podded propulsion. Furthermore another important disadvantage seems to be associated with the power production of podded propulsors. Due to the fact that pods have a 30MW power limitation and they depend on electric propulsion, sufficient speed may not be achieved while power losses due to the electric propulsion may be experienced. Finally it is not easy to realistically judge the suitability of pod propulsion for different ship types based on these advantages, disadvantages and limitations. However if we examine more closely reports based on the efficiency of podded propulsion we can derive that pods would be more efficient, fitted in cruise and liner vessels using twin screw configurations and even some small bulk carriers and general cargo vessels, while on the other hand they would not be suitable for large container vessels and tankers which require high power outputs. Conclusion In this essay we provided the reader with a comprehensive analysis of podded propulsion systems as well as conventional propulsion configurations. We examined several benefits created from the use of both types of propulsion systems, while we furthered analyzed the podded propulsion configuration by also providing several disadvantages experienced in merchant vessels, in order to conclude whether or not podded propulsion systems will be well suited in the operations of todays merchant ships. Finally reports has shown that even thought there is still a lot of research and development to be done on podded propulsion systems their use on merchant vessels would be more extensive in the future. Appendix Appendix 1 Source: Azipod ® XO The new generation Azipod ® takes podded propulsion to a new level www05.abb.com/global/scot/scot293.nsf//azipod%20xo_2010.pdf Appendix 2 Source: Electrical systems in pod propulsion, Master of Science Thesis of Electric Power Engineering, Lena Bergh Ulrika Helldà ©n,Department of Energy and Environment, Division of Electric Power Engineering, CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gà ¶teborg, Sweden, 2007 Appendix 3 Source: Electrical systems in pod propulsion, Master of Science Thesis of Electric Power Engineering, Lena Bergh Ulrika Helldà ©n,Department of Energy and Environment, Division of Electric Power Engineering, CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gà ¶teborg, Sweden, 2007 Appendix 4 Source: Podded propulsion drive for cruise liner Seven Seas Voyager www.sam-electronics.de/dateien/pad/broschueren/1.083.pdf Appendix 5 Source: Electrical systems in pod propulsion, Master of Science Thesis of Electric Power Engineering, Lena Bergh Ulrika Helldà ©n,Department of Energy and Environment, Division of Electric Power Engineering, CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gà ¶teborg, Sweden, 2007 Appendix 6 Source: Marine Propellers and Propulsion, John Carlton, second edition 2007, Published by Elsevier Ltd Appendix 7 Source: Marine Propellers and Propulsion, John Carlton, second edition 2007, Published by Elsevier Ltd Appendix 8 Source: Marine Propellers and Propulsion, John Carlton, second edition 2007, Published by Elsevier Ltd

Our Future as Nurses Essay -- Nursing

Nurses should be empathetic and compassionate caregivers. However, what happens when nurses are constantly giving their energy to compassionate care, without seeing the positive outcomes nor being able to regain energy through self-care? This eventually would lead to compassion fatigue, which often results in impairment of concentration and diminished performance ultimately leading to poor quality of care. Preventing compassion fatigue can be achieved through a strong foundation with a comprehensive education consisting of critical thinking skills, evidence-based practice, leadership, management, and delegation, which are only taught in baccalaureate nursing programs. Nurses and nursing students must be reminded or taught that in order to prevent compassion fatigue, they should not only be taking good care of their patients but also themselves. All caregivers are at risk for compassion fatigue, especially nurses, since our profession is based on taking care of the ill. One experience that illustrates this condition was when I helped on an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). I recall one nurse I met who had many years of experience but had a reputation of being anal-retentive and unfriendly. I would greet her every time I walked onto the unit, but she never responded. One day, this nurse was assigned to the son of a non-English speaking Chinese mother for whom I often acted as a translator. Her son was suffering from neuroleptic malignant syndrome and recovering from abdominal surgery for an ischemic bowel, which was infected. The mother rushed to me that day with a worried look and told me that the nurse was harming her son. She said she saw the nurse give two intravenous (IV) medications through his neck (internal jugular central venous ... ...es have worked long and hard to advance their careers and should have higher standards for education and provide quality care not only for the patients, but for themselves. Additional focus on nurses’ personal health and higher education will allow the nursing profession to advance in the future with improved integrity and credibility and result in better healthcare for patients. References Aiken, L. (2011). Nurses for the future. The New England Journal Of Medicine, 364(3), 196- 198. Aiken, L., Clarke, S., Cheung, R., Sloane, D., & Silber, J. (2003). Educational levels of hospital nurses and surgical patient mortality. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 290(12), 1617-1623. Boyle, D. A. (2011). Countering Compassion Fatigue: A Requisite Nursing Agenda. Online Journal of Issues In Nursing, 16(1), 1-14. doi:10.3912/OJIN.Vol16No01Man02

Scavengers and Nothing’s Changed. Two very different poems, written by :: English Literature

Scavengers and Nothing’s Changed. Two very different poems, written by two very different poets, both of whom write with regards to their own cultures, backgrounds and places of origin SCAVENGERS and NOTHING’S CHANGED Scavengers and Nothing’s Changed. Two very different poems, written by two very different poets, both of whom write with regards to their own cultures, backgrounds and places of origin – all of which are very different. What could these two poems have in common. Ostensibly, nothing. Scavengers is simply about the social divide between the upper and working classes, whilst Nothing’s Changed tells of a young man’s anger at being discriminated because of his colour. But after even the most shallow disection it is easy to see the connection between these two poems. Nothing’s Changed’s angry young man is obviously a victim of other peoples racial prejudice, but the two bin men of Scavengers are also victims of prejudice, looked down upon by the middle and upper classes because of their job, their financial situation, their parents. There’s your first shared theme. Then you got the second: hypocrisy. The hypocrisy theme runs strong in both poems. In Nothing’s Changed it’s that this poem takes place after a law had been passed against racial discrimination. Laws change. Attitudes don’t. There may not be a sign on the door denying the young boy entry, for it is an unwritten law that he is rebelling against. He is rebelling against the attitudes of the people inside the resturant. With Scavengers it is the entire American Dream that is called into question and shown up to be what it is: a lie. The American Dream is that anyone, no matter the class, creed or connections, can do anything, be anything. A person born into poverty and raised on the streets can rise to be president. All it takes is hard work, and you can be whoever you want to be. Which is, of course, a lie. The current president of the United States is a straight C student. In this country, he might have scraped into Sixth Form by the skin of his teeth. He might have got to be a office desk jockey for a paper merchant. But in the US, he’s the son of a former president, argo – he’s president. Of course, blood has nothing to do with it *please read with dripping sarcasm in mind*. The poem is quite clear in it’s message: The American Dream Is a Lie! Great Hemocracy? Great Hipocrisy. There’s another thing that connects the two poems. It’s the idea that many people in these unfortunate positions often hinder any sort of

Week Intercultural Paper

As Egger Hefted (2001) explained, culture Is comprised of power distance, Individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, pragmatism, and indulgence. If we use these components to analyze the two countries from the example, we find various similarities and differences that would greatly affect a business transaction between the two. Both Colombia and China share similarities in the areas of power distance, individualism, and masculinity.Both countries scored high in power distance, or extent to which power Is unequally distributed, and masculinity, the desire to excel at a skill versus liking the actual skill (Hefted, 2001). This means that In both isosceles individuals with power are far removed from their lesser powerful counterparts. It also means individuals from these countries are motivated by success and achievement as opposed to equal status.China and Colombia also similarly scored low in individualism meaning that both cultures are collectivist or centered on members that form an interdependent network (Hefted, 2001). As other analysts have noted, â€Å"Chinese society [In particular] Is collectivist in that Individuals identify with an â€Å"In-group† consisting of family, clan, and friends. Within this, cooperation Is he norm. Outside it, zero-sum competition is common† (Harris, 2014, Para. 5). Thus, it is paramount to foster a loyal relationship when conducting business in these countries. Avoidance, pragmatism, and indulgence. Chinese culture scored high in pragmatism, or the need to explain as much as possible, whereas Colombia scored high in uncertainty avoidance and indulgence, or the extent to which people indulge their impulses and desires (Hefted, 2001). As some academics have noted, uncertainty is largely reduced in relationships which is why â€Å"Latin Americans place great value on establishing long-term, close relationships with interactions on a personal, as well as professional, level† (Wardrobe, 2005, p. 3).How ever, in Chinese culture, indulgence and uncertainty avoidance scored low since individuals place less importance on knowing everything and monitor ambiguity with their use of an adaptable and entrepreneurial spirit. Understanding these differences, as well as similarities, helps us set up a successful business encounter between individuals from these two If a Colombian and Chinese person were to conduct a business transaction, it loud be important to understand the application of Hypotheses cultural dimensions to ensure a successful outcome.First, the high collectivism and power distance in their respective societies would promote a good foundation for them to establish a relationship since both individuals would most likely have high standing and authority within their companies, and strive to develop a fruitful relationship. This would begin by ensuring a correct and respectful greeting between them, which would generally involve a bow from the Chinese businessperson and a warm a nd stern handshake from the Colombian businessperson (Aback, 2012).Second, cause of the discrepancy in the uncertainty avoidance category, the Colombian businessperson might need better clarification on the transaction and question the Chinese individual more thoroughly; which would promote trust if the Chinese individual views the 4 transaction from the masculinity-oriented category of achievement instead of the feminine category associated with caring and equality. As Donald Aback (2012) elaborated, in Asia â€Å"language that avoids directly challenging a person or making that individual look bad, or seem disrespected is common† (p. 19). This means that theChinese businessperson would most likely not hold this against his Colombian counterpart but rather tolerate it in the interest of developing trust and a longer- lasting relationship. Lastly, the Colombian may want to indulge more time in the relationship, which would work well, since Chinese culture is characterized by a strategy to â€Å"not trust until there is enough evidence of trustworthiness† (Harris, 2014, Para. 6). If both businessperson take the time to nurture their relationship and understand each other's cultural differences and similarities, they will set themselves up for a successful and fruitful business relationship.